環境

# uname -a
Linux ip-10-122-6-110 3.2.30-49.59.amzn1.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 3 19:54:33 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# ruby -v
ruby 1.8.7 (2012-10-12 patchlevel 371) [x86_64-linux]
# gem -v
1.8.11

現象

# gem install pg
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
.......
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/usr/bin/ruby
        --with-pg
        --without-pg
        --with-pg-dir
        --without-pg-dir
        --with-pg-include
        --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
        --with-pg-lib
        --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
        --with-pg-config
        --without-pg-config
        --with-pg_config
        --without-pg_config


Gem files will remain installed in /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/pg-0.14.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/pg-0.14.1/ext/gem_make.out

解決方法

# yum install mysql-devel

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